Notes for VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

The Frame -

• The 'Frame' is the box that contains your image
• Each frame is made up of pixels 
• Pixels are tiny coloured squares 
• More pixels means more detailed images
• The amount of pixels within a frame is called the resolution 
• Resolution is measured using the width multiplied by the height
• Standard resolutions are defined by their heigh in pixels E.G 1080P W X H = RESOLUTION 
• 1080P = 2 MP = HD
• 1280 x 720P= HD
• 720 x 576 = PAL (STANDARD DEFINITION) 
• PAL (EUROPE) NTSC (USA) 
• Standard definition in Europe is PAL 576i
• Anything above this is classed as High Definition 720P - 1080P
• High end Cameras and TV can now record and view in UltraHD

Moving Images 

• Movement is created when the frame refreshes it's pixels 
• This occurs many times a second to fool your brain
• This is called 'Frame rate' and is defined like this (fps = frames per second) 
• In Europe TV runs at 25 FPS
• In the US TV at 29.97 FPS
• Analogue film runs at 24 FPS
• Cameras can record in all these formats and more
• What is 'I' and 'P' ?
• Frames are scanned 
• P = PROGRESSIVE = Full pixel scan, top to bottom 
• PAL 25
• US 29.97
• FILM 24
• Discussion point
• I STAND FOR INTERLACED 
• P STANDS FOR PROGRESSIVE 
• WHEN FILMING FOR SLOW MOTION OR FAST MOTION T IS IMPORTANT TO SHOOT AT HIGH AND LOW FRAME RATES 

Broadcast 

• Broadcast video is delivered to audiences in different ways 
• The majority of broadcast video is received via Digital Terrestrial Broadcast 
• Broadcast send the digital video signal from a large antenna through the air to the ariels on our houses 
• Quality is affected by distance 
• Broadcast video can also be sent via satellites in space 
• The video signal is transmitted to a satellite in space and bounced back to earth to be received by our satellite dishes. 
• Cable TV is broadcast via an underground cable 
• This maintains video quality that is unaffected by weather 

• Video Recording 
• Video can be recorded at different qualities 
• consumer e.g Mobile Phones 
• Prosumer E.G WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHER 
• PROFESSIONAL BROADCAST TELEVISION 

video Recording 

• Digital images are scanned onto a censor within the camera  
• The bigger the censor the more information it can record 
• The more information the higher the quality 
• The higher the quality the larger the file size 

Video Editing 

 When a video file is played on a computer the data starts compressed and is then decompressed 

This is called a codec 

Some codecs compress lots - lower quality, lower file size 

And some codecs compress a little - lower quality, larger file size 

Cameras record the type of codec. Popular codecs are AVCHD AND H.264

thESE CODECS ARE GOOD FOR RECORDING BUT NOT ALWAYS GOOD FOR EDITING 

IF YOU CHANGE THE CODEC THIS IS CALLED 'TRANSCODING' 

Hardware is the physical attributes required to edit video 

In groups research and define these pieces of hardware 

RAID storage, VTR, Capture Card, Monitor Speakers, Colour Calibrated monitor